History of Vaccines
Evolution of Vaccines: The first vaccines were created by English physician Edward Jenner. Jenner observed that milkmaids stricken with a viral disease called cowpox were rarely victims of a similar disease, smallpox. This led Jenner to develop the first vaccine. Jenner took a few drops of fluid from a pustule of a woman who had cowpox and injected the fluid into a healthy young boy who had never had cowpox or smallpox. Six weeks later, Jenner injected the boy with fluid from a smallpox pustule, but the boy remained free of the dreaded smallpox. Since then, more than 20 infectious diseases. These include, among others, the Tetanus Toxoid, Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis, Measles-Mumps-Rubella, Rubella, Measles, Polio, Hepatitis B , Hepatitis A, Hemophilus influenzae type b,Varicella ("Chicken Pox"), Rotavirus, Pneumococcal ("Pneumonia"), Trivalent ("Adult Flu"). Different Types of Vaccines: There are a number of different types of vaccines, including: The Future: Genome Sequencing will allow us to design even better vaccines. Many projects are under way to sequence the genetic instructions, or genomes, of disease-causing microbes. NIH-supported researchers have reported the complete genomic sequence of several microbes including, including group A streptococcous tuberculosis, and of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. New genomic sequence data provide important insights into the components of these organisms that might be incorporated into candidate vaccines. |
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